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Patel, C. N.
- Metallacarboranes: Boron-Based Compounds Inhibit Key HIV Enzyme
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1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 205-210Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The four major routes of transmission are unsafe sex, contaminated needles, breast milk, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth. Metallacarboranes derived from the transition metals represent a large family of aromatic borane derivatives which, when equipped with a radiometal, are potentially useful in radioimaging and radiotherapy of tumors. The radiometallacarborane may be localized in tumor by a tumor cell-selective antibody molecule to which it is attached or by other means (biomolecule, liposome). A particular advantage of radiometallacarboranes in these applications is their extraordinarily great kinetic stability and invisibility to enzyme systems which normally degrade organic radiometal carriers (chelates) with release of the radiometal in an unwanted way.
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- Novel Approaches in Erythropoietin: A Review
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana- 384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana- 384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 103-110Abstract
Erythropoietin, or EPO, is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. It is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. Also called hematopoietin or hemopoietin, it is produced by the peritubular capillary endothelial cells in the kidney, and is the hormone that regulates red blood cell production. The existence of a hormone that controls RBC production was first suggested by the experiments of Paul Carnot in 1906, who created anemic rabbits and then transfused their serum into recipient rabbits. EPO is produced by peritubular cells in the adult kidney, and in hepatocytes in the fetus. In adults, a small amount is also produced by the liver. The rate of Epo synthesis and secretion depends on local oxygen concentrations; hypoxia is the main stimulus for Epo production. Although the use of erythropoietin has been studied in critically ill patients, erythropoietin has not been shown to be effectice in this setting. In a randomized controlled trial, erythropoietin insignificantly reduced mortality among critically ill patients. In 1983, the gene coding for EPO was identified, leading to its synthesis as epoetin-alfa by American genetic research corporation, Amgen, who patented the drug under the name Epogen. In 1989, another company, Ortho Biotech, a subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson, began marketing the drug under license as Procrit in the US, and Eprex in the rest of the world.References
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- Stopping of Clopidogrel after Stent Implantation Causes Death/Mi
Abstract Views :256 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 117-125Abstract
Clopidogrel is an oral antiplatelet agent (thienopyridine class) to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Clopidogrel keeps the platelets in your blood from coagulating (clotting) to prevent unwanted blood clots that can occur with certain heart or blood vessel conditions and is used to prevent blood clots after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.
Here from the research article we found a clustering of death and MI events in the initial 90-day period after clopidogrel cessation, compared with subsequent follow-up intervals. Findings were consistent among subgroups of patients who received shorter or longer durations of clopidogrel therapy, patients with or without diabetes, and ACS patients who underwent PCI. The rate of adverse events in the initial 90-day interval after stopping clopidogrel was higher than the rate of adverse events following hospital discharge while patients were still taking clopidogrel. These findings support the hypothesis of a rebound hyperthrombotic period after clopidogrel cessation. They also highlight the need for additional studies to confirm these findings and to gain a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of this phenomenon as well as allowing identification of strategies to attenuate this effect.
We observed a clustering of adverse events in the initial 90 days after stopping clopidogrel among both medically treated and PCI-treated patients with ACS, supporting the possibility of a clopidogrel rebound effect.
Keywords
Clopidogrel, MI (Myocardial Infraction), PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ) ,ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome).References
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- Toxicogenomics: A Review
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1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana- 384001, IN
2 L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana- 384001, IN
2 L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 131-140Abstract
Toxicogenomics is a rapidly developing discipline that promises to aid scientists in understanding the molecular and cellular effects of chemicals in biological systems. This field encompasses global assessment of biological effects using technologies such as DNA microarrays or high throughput NMR and protein expression analysis.
Toxicogemomics is the evolving science which measures the global gene expression changes in biological samples exposed to toxic agents and investigates the complex interaction between the genetic variability and environmental exposures on toxicological effects. DNA microarrays have become most popular and important method to measure the expression of mRNA level offering great potential for environmental or toxicological studies. Gene expression changes can possibly provide more sensitive, immediate, comprehensive maker of toxicity than typical toxicological endpoints such as morphological changes, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity. In this regards, toxicogenomics includes genomicscale mRNA expression (transcriptomics), cell and tissue-wide protein expression (proteomics), metabolite profiling (metabonomics), and bioinformatics. These studies can be grouped as ''-omics'' study, which could be applied to various kinds of samples and species.
Keywords
Toxicogenomics, Microarray, Proteomics.References
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- Recent Advancement Towards Treatment of Diabetes
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1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 12-22Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Diabetes can damage the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. In 2030, the figure of diabetic patients is expected to rise to 366 million. Diabetes is the fourth leading cause of global death by disease. Each year diabetes accounts for 3.8 million deaths. This article deals with recent advancement to wards treatment of diabetes. First it reviews emerging targets for diabetes like PTP-1B inhibitors, GSK-3 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors. Second it describes recent nanotechnology research in the detection of insulin and blood sugar by implantable sensor and microphysiometer. In addition latest stem cell research occurs in diabetes treatment. At last this article give idea about working of insulin pump, glossary of pump and how pump can reduce the risk of complication of diabetes.Keywords
Diabetes, PTP-1B Inhibitors, GSK-3 Inhibitors, DPP-4 Inhibitors, Nanotechnology, Insulin Pump, Stem Cell.References
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- Tuberculosis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Antitubercular Activity of an Actinomycin Produced by a New Species of Streptomyces
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1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 23-26Abstract
Tuberculosis is an infection caused by the rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, aerobic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Mycobacteria typically measure 0.5 im by 3 im, are classified as acid-fast bacilli, and have a unique cell wall structure crucial to their survival. The well developed cell wall contains a considerable amount of a fatty acid, mycolic acid, covalently attached to the underlying peptidoglycan-bound polysaccharide arabino galactan, providing an extraordinary lipid barrier. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is spread by small airborne droplets, called droplet nuclei, generated by the coughing, sneezing, talking, or singing of a person with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis. These minuscule droplets can remain airborne for minutes to hours after expectoration. During the course of a systematic search for new antibiotics, an actinomycin complex was isolated from Streptomyces regensis sp. This actinomycin complex differs from other actinomycins described in literature in its amino acid composition and is very highly active against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The strains of Staph. aureus highly resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclin and erythromycin are equally susceptible to its action.References
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- Biochemical Origins of Alzheimer's Disease with Treatment Techniques
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1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 33-38Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by irregular protein formations in the brain leading to neuronal loss and ultimately affecting the patient's cognitive ability and memory. AD affects nearly 4.5 million Americans, and this number is expected to continue to rise. The pathological manifestations of AD occur in the neurons and are two-fold; the primary cause is the accumulation. β-amyloid (amyloid precursor protein) depositions, which aggregate into pathogenic plaques. The second is the accumulation of paired helical filaments that form into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid precursor protein plaques result from the sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase. NFTs result from the hyperphosphorylation of tau, a stabilizing component of microtubules. Based on current understanding of the Amyloid precursor protein pathway, two major strategies will be discussed that aim at decreasing the deposition of Amyloid precursor protein plaques in the brain. In the first approach, non-streroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alter the APP cleavage site by β-secretase to produce less amyoidogenic plaques. A second method aims at inhibiting γ-secretase activity on APP through allosteric inhibition of ATP binding.References
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- Novel Approaches for Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
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1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Nr. Arvind Baug, Mehsana - 384 001 Gujarat, IN
2 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Nr. Arvind Baug, Mehsana - 384 001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Nr. Arvind Baug, Mehsana - 384 001 Gujarat, IN
2 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Nr. Arvind Baug, Mehsana - 384 001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 141-147Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major and growing public health problem of the developed country. Diabetes mellitus is also associated with disease like hypertension, chronic heart disease, blindness etc.. Now days drug that are available in the market are just to control the diabetes. There are several novel approaches which might cure the diabetes. Defective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by pancreatic islet β cells could be cured with recombinant glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) or agonists of the GLP-1 receptor. Alternatively, decrease in GLP-1 clearance can be achieved with inhibition of Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DP-IV) to reduce insulin resistance, enhanced insulin action. The role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR γ) in the regulation of lipid metabolism, insulin and triglycerides leads to the rationale design of several PPAR agonists. Gene therapy also generates greater hope for possible cure of diabetes. Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter Inhibitor is also one of the novel target for lowering plasma glucose and improving insulin resistance by increasing renal glucose excretion. Under diabetic conditions, induced oxidative stress also activates the JNK pathway, which is involved in deterioration of pancreatic β-cell function found in diabetes. Treatment with antioxidants and/or suppression of the JNK pathway protect β-cells from some of the toxic effects of hyperglycemia could be the one of novel target therapy of diabetes mellitus.Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus, Incretin, DPP-IV Inhibitor, Gene Therapy, Novel Approach.References
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- A Review on Novel Strategies for Pharmacotherapy of Depression
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Authors
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1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 153-159Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by an allencompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Prevalence rate of major depression is markedly rising all over the world. Pathophysiology of depression is mainly focus on the three major monoamine systems- serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT), nor epinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA). The emerging new tools of molecular neurobiology and functional brain imaging have provided additional support for the involvement of these three systems. Popular conventional drugs for pharmacotherapy of Depression are Tricyclic anti-depressants, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and Selective Serotonin Re-uptake inhibitors. Major drawbacks of these drugs include suicide tendency and discontinuation syndrome and there is need of time to focus research at minimising side effects. In last two decades, many new drugs became available in market for pharmacotherapy of depression including novel Selective Serotinin Norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors and still reserves bright scope in research of anti-depressant. On the other hand, a number of alternative therapeutic strategies are now emerging, as exemplified by the first Substance P receptor antagonist, MK-0869, and several Corticotrophinreleasing factor antagonists now entering clinical trials. Preclinical models predict that some of these new drugs may have a faster onset of action and improved efficacy. It is clear to note that the next generation of drugs will need to tackle some of the unresolved problems of antidepressant therapy such as suicide tendency.Keywords
SSRIs, Drawbacks of Antidepressants, Advantages of SNRIs, Novel Research in Antidepressants.References
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- Studies on Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Siddha Formulation (Thailam - Medicated Oil)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, North Gujarat, IN
2 K.M. College of Pharmacy, Uthangudi, Melur Road, Madurai, Tamilnadu-625107, IN
1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, North Gujarat, IN
2 K.M. College of Pharmacy, Uthangudi, Melur Road, Madurai, Tamilnadu-625107, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 83-88Abstract
Pongamia pinnata and Boerhaavia diffusa are well-known plants and a weed respectively plays in Indian traditional system of medicine. On the basis of its traditional use and literature references, these herbal plants are undertaken in a view to formulate milder and safer herbal topical formulations. It is prepared in the form of "Thailam" using sesame oil as base for bringing about the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs. To satisfy the desired characteristic of an ideal herbal formulation and also to prove its therapeutic potency, the following parameters like physical, chemical and biological evaluation have undertaken to fix the quality. For the antimicrobial studies strains used like S. aureus, B. substilis (Gram +ve), E. coli, P. aeruginosa (Gram-ve) and Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger (Fungi) were used. Antibacterial activity and antifungal activity of the formulated oil was comparatively lesser than that of the standard drug but formulated oil is significantly more than that of sesame oil base (**P<0.01). By using Carrageenin induced hind paw edema method the Anti inflammatory activity was employed and it was noticed that the Thailam had lesser activity than the standard Diclofenac sodium gel (**P<0.01). But significantly more than that of sesame oil base (*P < 0.05), the overall results revealed that it has effectiveness. In conclusion that the formulated oil in the form of Thailam as its own significant properties, hence it can be used as a safer formulation in near future.Keywords
Formulated Oil (Thailam), Sesame Oil (Base), Carrageenin, Antimicrobial Strains.References
- Chelladurai V. Medicinal plants of India, 2000, (2) 80:pp437, 493.
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- Antidiabetic Potential of Root Extract of Momordica cymbalaria, Fenzl in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Nr. Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, Gujarat, IN
2 Visveswarapura Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NA, 24th Main, 25th Cross, BSK Stage II, Bangalore - 560 004 Karnataka, IN
1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Nr. Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, Gujarat, IN
2 Visveswarapura Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NA, 24th Main, 25th Cross, BSK Stage II, Bangalore - 560 004 Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 89-93Abstract
The effect of a aqueous extract of the ischolar_mains of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl., (Cucurbitaceae) was evaluated with streptozotocin(65 mg/kg, i.p.) induced diabetic rats. Seventy-two hours after streptozotocin injection, the extract, at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, was administered orally for 30 consecutive days. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and In-vitro peripheral glucose uptake studies were also measured during this course of experiment. The extract was found to be potent antidiabetic as evidenced by significant (p < 0.001) reduction of serum glucose level of diabetic rats on 30th day by both the doses (maximal effect of 45.95% reduction of serum glucose level, at 500 mg/kg, p < 0.001). Results demonstrated a significant reduction of serum lipids (maximal effect of 50.23 and 31.89% reduction of cholesterol and triglyceride, respectively, at 500 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and elevation of liver glycogen level (maximal effect at 300 mg/kg, p < 0.05) in diabetic rats, comparable to that of standard antidiabetic glibenclamide at 500 μg/kg, p.o. In OGTT, the extract at different doses showed significant reduction in serum glucose level (p < 0.05) from 30 min. onwards. The extract also revealed increase in In-vitro model for peripheral glucose uptake (not statistically significant). Improvement of body weight profile was also observed in extract-treated diabetic rats.Keywords
Momordica cymbalaria, Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes, Antihyperglycemic, Antidiabetic Effect.References
- Balkau B, Charles MA and Eschwege E. Discussion epidemologigue des nouveaux criteres du diabetes. Mt Endocrionologie. 2000; 2: 229-234.
- Pradeepa R and Mohan V. The changing scenario of the diabetes epidemic: implication for India. Indian J Med Res. 2002; 116:121-32.
- Murali YK, Chandra R, Murthy PS. Antihyperglycemic effect of water extract of dry fruits of Terminalia chebula in experimental diabetes mellitus. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2004; 19(2): 202-04.
- Kirtikar R and Basu BD. Cucurbitaceae. In Indian Medicinal Plants. Shiva offset press, Allahabad. 1935; 2nd ed: pp. 1137.
- Rao BK, Kesavulu MM and Rao CA. Antihyperglycemic activity of Momordica cymbalaria in alloxan diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001; 78: 67-71.
- Kameswararao B, Kesavulu MM, Giri R and Apparao Ch. Antidiabetic and Hypolipedimic effects of Momordica cymbalaria Hook. Fruit powder in Alloxan Diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 67(1): 103-109.
- Rajasekhar MD, Ramesh BK, Vinay K, Sampath MR, Sameena SK and Apparao Ch. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of active fraction from the aqueous extract of Momordica cymbalaria fruits in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Phcog Res. 2009; 1(6): 352-358.
- Koneri R, Balaraman R and Saraswati CD. Antiovulatory and abortifacient potential of the ethanolic extract of ischolar_mains of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl in rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2006; 38:111-114.
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- OECD - guideline on acute oral toxicity (AOT), Environmental health and safety monograph series on testing and adjustment, 2001; No. 425.
- Maghrani M, Lemhadri A, Jouad H, Michel JB and Eddouks M. Effect of the desert plant Retama raetam on glycemia in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 87: 21-25.
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- Babu V, Gangadevi T and Subramoniam A. Antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract of Cassia kleinii leaf in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and isolation of an active fraction and toxicity evaluation of the extract. Indian J Pharmacol. 2003; 35: 290-96.
- Venkatesh S, Reddy GD, Reddy BM and Lakshman ML. Antidiabetic activity of Helicteres isora ischolar_main. Available at http://www.ayurvedam.com/pdf/antidiabetic.pdf; Accessed November 8, 2004.
- Prince PSM, Kamalakkannan N and Menon VP. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic effect of alcoholic Syzigium cumini seeds in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 91: 209-213.
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- Synthesis, Purification and Identification of Carbon Nanotubes:A Review
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Authors
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1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana- 384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana- 384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 3, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 137-150Abstract
Carbon nanotubes a nano device based on their electrical, mechanical, optical and chemical properties categorized as single walled nanotubes (SWNTS), multi walled nanotubes (MWNTS), torus and nanobuds. Cup stacked carbon nanotubes, extreme carbon nano tubes etc. The nano tubes are composed entirely of sp2 bonds which are stronger than sp3 bonds of alkanes provides them unique strength. Different nanotubes structures are different in chemical reactivity, electrical conductivity, optical activity, mechanical strength, one dimensional support, hardness, kinetic etc. Because of the inflammation, epithelioid granuloma, fibrosis and biochemical and toxicological changes in lungs likes toxicities, we are more focus on specific synthesis methods and purification techniques of carbon nanotubes. An identification technique of nano tubes gives new era to the applications of carbon nanotubes in biomedical and pharmaceuticals.Keywords
Carbon Nanotubes, Torus, Nanobuds, Synthesis, Purification, Identification Techniques.- Recent Advances in Transdermal Drug Delivery System
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 113-119Abstract
Human skin serves a protective function by imposing physicochemical limitations. For a drug to be delivered passively via the skin it needs to have a suitable lipophilicity and a molecular weight < 500 Da. The number of commercially available products based on transdermal or dermal delivery has been limited by these requirements. In recent years various passive and active strategies have emerged to optimize delivery. The passive approach entails the optimization of formulation or drug carrying vehicle to increase skin permeability. However, passive methods do not greatly improve the permeation of drugs with molecular weights >500 Da. In contrast, active methods, normally involving physical or mechanical methods of enhancing delivery, have been shown to be generally superior. The delivery of drugs of differing lipophilicity and molecular weight, including proteins, peptides and oligonucletides, has been shown to be improved by active methods such as iontophoresis, electroporation, mechanical perturbation and other energy-related techniques such as ultrasound and needleless injection.Keywords
Techniques For Transdermal Delivery, Microneedle, Radiofrequency Drug Delivery System, Iontophoresis.- Formulation and Evaluation of Buccal Adhesive Drug Delivery System of Lercanidipine
Abstract Views :193 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 164-168Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study buccal adhesive drug delivery system (BADDS) of Lercanidipine using the bioadhesive polymers sodium alginate (Na-alginate) and HPMC K4M along with ethyl cellulose as an impermeable backing layer. BADDS was evaluated by weight uniformity, thickness, drug content, mucoadhesive strength, swelling, in vitro drug release and in vitro drug permeation studies. Mucoadhesive strength (MS) was measured by using a modified apparatus. BADDSs containing Sodium alginate and HPMC K4M at the ratio of 1:2 showed higher MS (34.15 g) with chicken mucosa when compared with 1:1 (28.69 g), 2:1 (24.69 g), ratios, respectively. The swelling index was proportional to Na-alginate content and inversely proportional to HPMC K4M content. The formulation F4 was optimized based on good bioadhesive strength (28.69 g) and sustained in vitro drug permeation (99.04 for 12 hours).It can be concluded that BADDS is a superior, novel system that overcomes the drawback associated with the conventional buccal adhesive tablet.Keywords
Mucoadhesion, Buccal Drug Delivery, Lercanidipine, Sodium Alginate, HPMC K4M.- Design and Evaluation of Modified Release Dosage Form Containing Bupropion Hydrochloride
Abstract Views :173 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
2 Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Baroda-391760, IN
3 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
2 Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Baroda-391760, IN
3 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 47-51Abstract
In the present investigation an attempt was made to reduce the frequency of dose administration, to improve the patient compliance by developing Modified release matrix tablet of Bupropion Hydrochloride (BPH). Bupropion has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in smoking cessation. Eleven batches of matrix tablets of BPH were developed by using direct compression technique and coated with Opadry white. Compressed tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, similarity factor (f2) and in vitro dissolution using paddle (USP type II) method. Drug excipients compatibility study was also performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All the formulations were compared with the innovator. Among the eleven formulations F11 batch shows comparative dissolution profile with the innovator.
Keywords
Bupropion Hydrochloride Tablet, In-vitro Dissolution Study, DSC.- Development and Validation of Stability Indicating High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Pramipexole in Solid Dosage Forms
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Shree Sarvajanik Pharmacy Collage, Near Arvind Baug , Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Shree Sarvajanik Pharmacy Collage, Near Arvind Baug , Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 4, No 9 (2011), Pagination: 1393-1397Abstract
The Objective Of the current study was to develop a validated stability indicating high performance liquid chromatographic method for Pramipexole in solid dosage form. The method was validated by subjecting the drugs to forced decomposition under hydrolysis, Oxidation, photolysis, and thermal stress conditions prescribed in international Conference on Harmonization. The drug was successfully separated from major and minor degradation products on a reversed -phase Zorbex SB CN column by using Tri Ethyl Amine buffer (PH 7): Methanol (65:35%V/V) as the mobile phase with determination at 263 nm. The flow rate was 1 ml/min. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness. The response was linear over the range of 2-24 for Pramipexole. The recovery of the drugs from a mixture product was in the range of 99.60-101.84%. The utility of the procedure was verified by its application to marketed formulations that were subjected to accelerated stability studies.Keywords
Pramipexole, Stability Assay, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Validation, Mirapex.- Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Pramipexole in Solid Dosage Forms
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Shree Sarvajanik Pharmacy Collage, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Shree Sarvajanik Pharmacy Collage, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 4, No 8 (2011), Pagination: 1340-1342Abstract
The Objective Of the current study was to develop and validated UV spectrophotometric method for Pramipexole in solid dosage form. The method was validated by subjecting the drug to UV radiation. The drug was successfully quantified at 263 nm. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness. The response was linear over the range of 3-15 for Pramipexole. The recovery of the drugs from a mixture product was in the range of 99.00-101.46%. The utility of the procedure was verified by its application to marketed formulations. The specificity of the method was also checked with reference to placebo. The method was found to be specific also, hence other validation parameter were in the limit also.Keywords
Pramipexole, Assay, UV Spectrophotometric, Validation, Mirapex.- Synthesis and Microbiological Evaluation of Substituted 1,3-Oxazol-5(4H)-One Derivatives
Abstract Views :156 |
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Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Nr. Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Nr. Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 3, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 125-131Abstract
The major drawback of current treatment of infectious diseases are challenging due to resistance to antimicrobial agents and their side effects. 1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one(oxazolinone) derivatives are the heterocyclic compounds with considerable therapeutic and biological properties. In this view, the series of 4-((5-oxo-2-phenyloxazol-4(5H)-ylidene)-methyl)-phenyl benzoatederivatives with different substitution were synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. 4-((5-oxo-2-phenyloxazol-4(5H)-ylidene)methyl)-phenyl benzoatederivatives was synthesized by first SchottenBaumann reaction get the benzoylglycine derivatives and then after the Erlenmeyer Plochlazlactone reaction produced azlactone derivatives which on reaction with substituted benzoyl chloride produced final compounds.
In antibacterial activity and antifungal activity, compounds IVe and IVf showed highest activity and IVc shown lowest against S. aureus, B. subtilis and C. albicans. While compounds IVh showed highest activity against E. coli. Among all the synthesized compounds, compounds with p-chloro phenyl group at second position of oxazolinone ring are found to be more active compared to the p-methoxy phenyl and unsubstituted phenyl group at second position of oxazalinone.
Keywords
Oxazolinone, Erlenmeyer Plochlazlactone.- Biochemical Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes In-Vivo
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 243-248Abstract
CYP450 exists in prokaryotic and eukaryotic (plants, insects, fish and mammal, as well as microorganism).Different P450 enzymes can be found in almost any tissue:liver, kidney, lungs and even brain. It plays an important role in drugs metabolism and xenobiotics. Cytochrome P450 proteins in humans are drug metabolizing enzymes and enzymes that are used to make cholesterol, steroids and other important lipids such as prostacyclins and thromboxane-A2.Firstly CYP450 is discovered by R.T. Williams-in vivo, 1947. Brodie-in vitro, from late 40s till the 60s. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (hemoproteins) play an important role in the intra-cellular metabolism CYP enzymes have been identified from all lineages of life, including mammals, birds, fish, insects, worms, sea squirts, sea urchins, plants, fungi, slime molds, bacteria and archaea. More than 8100 distinct CYP sequences are known. CYP450 includes hydroxylation and various xenobiotic reactions. Clinical aspects of CYP450 include genetic polymorphism and drug drug interaction. Roche Amplichip test in very useful nowadays because many harmful reactions resulting from inappropriate dosing and treatment may be significantly reduced as clinicians can adjust the patient’s regimen accordingly. The AmpliChip Cytochrome P450 Genotyping System may help the doctor determine if a patient is at risk of adverse drug reactions or sub-optimal drug response. Thus it is very up growing technique to prevent adverse drug reactions.- Combinatorial Chemistry:A New Approach for Drug Discovery
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Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 249-254Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry is a technology for creating a multitude of different compounds by reacting different combinations of interchangeable chemical "building blocks." The compounds are then screened for their ability to carry out a specified function, most commonly to act as drugs to treat a disease. Combinatorial chemistry allows the rapid synthesis and testing of many related compounds, greatly speeding the pace of drug discovery. Combinatorial chemistry is a method for reacting a small number of chemicals to produce simultaneously a very large number of compounds, called libraries, which are screened to identify useful products such as drug candidates. combinatorial chemistry can be explained simply, its application can take a variety of forms, each requiring a complex interplay of classical organic synthesis techniques, rational drug design strategies, robotics, and scientific information management. Combinatorial technologies offer significant advances over traditional scientific research methodologies. In particular, their high-speed approach promises faster results at considerably lower costs than conventional techniques. combinatorial chemistry libraries requires an application that understands the science behind combinatorial chemistry while managing the chemical and biological data generated by combinatorial chemistry programs.- Vitamins, Minerals and Carotenoids as a Antioxidants
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1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 255-260Abstract
Antioxidants neutralize free radicals. Free radicals are molecules in our body that are missing an electron. They steal electrons from healthy cells destroying them in the process called oxidation. Your body is constantly trying to oxidize, but antioxidants keep you fresh and healthy. It prevents the formation of free radicals, such as transferrin, SOD, carotenoids. It neutralise those that are formed, thus inhibiting chain-breaking processes, such as, the vitamins A, E and C. Also it repair the damage caused by free radicals, such as the DNA repair enzymes, e.g. transferase. Natural antioxidants are synthesised by plants and are present in the foods we eat, as opposed to those synthetic antioxidants that are either added to food to extend its shelf-life (e.g. BHT), or prepared by extraction from plant sources to be taken as supplements in concentrated form.Keywords
Free Radicals, SOD, Shelf Life, BHT.- Development of New Anti Inflammatory Drugs
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Authors
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1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 272-277Abstract
Approximately 50 NSAID preparations are listed in Monthly Index of Medical Specialties and, as a class, these are among the most commonly prescribed drugs. NSAIDs are sometimes known as the aspirin-like drugs because they have an activity profile that is broadly similar to that of aspirin that is, they all possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties to some degree, and produce characteristic side effects, including gastric intolerance and depression of blood clotting through inhibitory action on platelet function. Two closely related forms of the cyclooxygenase have been identified which are now known as COX-1 and COX-2. Both isoenzymes transform arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, but differ in their distribution and their physiological roles. Meanwhile, the responsible genes and their regulation have been clarified. COX-1, the pre-dominantly constitutive form of the enzyme, is expressed throughout the body and performs a number of homeostatic functions such as maintaining normal gastric mucosa and influencing renal blood flow. COX-1 and COX-2 at standard anti-inflammatory doses. Simmons also recently co-discovered COX-3 in 2002 and analyzed this new isozyme's relation to acetaminophen (paracetamol), arguably the most widely used analgesic drug in the world. The clinical ramifications and knowledge of COX isozymes are therefore rapidly expanding and could perhaps offer significant hope for future treatments of pain, inflammation and fever.Keywords
Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry Valsartan.- New Emerging Targets for Obesity
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1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 278-287Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has prompted the world health organization (WHO) to classify it as a global epidemic. A round the global, more than a half a billion people are overweight and the chronic disease of obesity represents a major threat to health care system in developed and developing countries. Energy homeostasis is accomplished through a highly integrated and reductant neurohumoral system. Adrenergic and seretonergic agents enjoyed before is now disfavored due to abuce and lack of exact receptor subtype profile respectively.ß3-adrenergic receptor agonist acting, as thermogenic agents are new approach and its value will become apparent once data are available from relevant clinical evaluation some drug from this class are under clinical trials. Transgenic technology has provided new opportunities to modify the complex body weight regulation system and to asses the relative importance of the individual components. Certain peptides have been used successfully as antiobesity agents. They reduced gastrointestinal absorption and affect feeding behavior. Since obesity result from genetic predispotion, combined with the proactive environment situation, we discuss new potential targets for generation of drugs that may help people in gaining control over appetite as well as increase total energy expenditure and fat oxidation.- Synthesis and SAR Study of Some New Benzhydryl Piperazine Sulfonamide and Carboxamide as Antimicrobial Agents
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1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 2, No 4 (2009), Pagination: 448-451Abstract
Some New benzhydryl piperazine sulfonamide and carboxamide is synthesized from benzaldehyde and phenyl magnesium chloride (Grignard Reagent) under nitrogen atmosphere to give benzhydrol which on treating with thionyl chloride give corresponding benzhydryl chloride which is directly treated with piperazine and anhydrous potassium carbonate using DMF as solvent to give corresponding 1-benzhydryl piperazine. The nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1-benzhydryl piperazine with different substituted aromatic sulfonyl chloride and acid chloride in presence of triethylamine and dichloromethane to give corresponding benzhydryl piperazine sulfonamide and carboxamide. All the title compounds characterised on the basis of their IR, MASS, 1H NMR spectroscopic data analysis.Keywords
Benzhydrol, Acid Chloride, Sulfonyl Chloride, Antimicrobial Screening.- Physio-Chemical Investigation and Wound Healing Activity of Sesame Oil and Formulated Oil
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1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehasana, North Gujarat, IN
2 K.M. College of Pharmacy, Uthangudi, Madurai, IN
3 St. Michael College of Engineering, Kalayarkovil, Tamilnadu, IN
1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehasana, North Gujarat, IN
2 K.M. College of Pharmacy, Uthangudi, Madurai, IN
3 St. Michael College of Engineering, Kalayarkovil, Tamilnadu, IN